# basic_json::at

```cpp
// (1)
reference at(size_type idx);
const_reference at(size_type idx) const;

// (2)
template<typename KeyT>
reference at(const KeyT& key);
template<typename KeyT>
const_reference at(const KeyT& key) const;

// (3)
reference at(const json_pointer& ptr);
const_reference at(const json_pointer& ptr) const;
```

1. Returns a reference to the element at specified location `idx`, with bounds checking.
2. Returns a reference to the element at with specified key `key`, with bounds checking.
3. Returns a reference to the element at with specified JSON pointer `ptr`, with bounds checking.

## Template parameters

`KeyT`
:   A type for an object key other than `basic_json::json_pointer`. This can also be a string literal or a string view
    (C++17).

## Parameters

`idx` (in)
:   index of the element to access

`key` (in)
:   object key of the elements to remove
    
`ptr` (in)
:   JSON pointer to the desired element
    
## Return value

1. reference to the element at index `idx`
2. reference to the element at key `key`
3. reference to the element pointed to by `ptr`

## Exceptions

1. The function can throw the following exceptions:
    - Throws [`type_error.304`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error304) if the JSON value is not an array;
      in this case, calling `at` with an index makes no sense. See example below.
    - Throws [`out_of_range.401`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range401) if the index `idx` is out of
      range of the array; that is, `idx >= size()`. See example below.
2. The function can throw the following exceptions:
    - Throws [`type_error.304`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error304) if the JSON value is not an object;
      in this case, calling `at` with a key makes no sense. See example below.
    - Throws [`out_of_range.403`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range403) if the key `key` is is not
      stored in the object; that is, `find(key) == end()`. See example below.
3. The function can throw the following exceptions:
    - Throws [`parse_error.106`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error106) if an array index in the passed
      JSON pointer `ptr` begins with '0'. See example below.
    - Throws [`parse_error.109`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error109) if an array index in the passed
      JSON pointer `ptr` is not a number. See example below.
    - Throws [`out_of_range.401`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range401) if an array index in the passed
      JSON pointer `ptr` is out of range. See example below.
    - Throws [`out_of_range.402`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range402) if the array index '-' is used
      in the passed JSON pointer `ptr`. As `at` provides checked access (and no elements are implicitly inserted), the
      index '-' is always invalid. See example below.
    - Throws [`out_of_range.403`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range403) if the JSON pointer describes a
      key of an object which cannot be found. See example below.
    - Throws [`out_of_range.404`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range404) if the JSON pointer `ptr` can
      not be resolved. See example below.

## Exception safety

Strong exception safety: if an exception occurs, the original value stays intact.

## Complexity

1. Constant
2. Logarithmic in the size of the container.
3. Constant

## Example

??? example

    The example below shows how array elements can be read and written using `at()`. It also demonstrates the different
    exceptions that can be thrown.
    
    ```cpp
    --8<-- "examples/at__size_type.cpp"
    ```
    
    Output:
    
    ```json
    --8<-- "examples/at__size_type.output"
    ```

??? example

    The example below shows how array elements can be read using `at()`. It also demonstrates the different exceptions
    that can be thrown.
        
    ```cpp
    --8<-- "examples/at__size_type_const.cpp"
    ```
    
    Output:
    
    ```json
    --8<-- "examples/at__size_type_const.output"
    ```

??? example

    The example below shows how object elements can be read and written using `at()`. It also demonstrates the different
    exceptions that can be thrown.
        
    ```cpp
    --8<-- "examples/at__object_t_key_type.cpp"
    ```
    
    Output:
    
    ```json
    --8<-- "examples/at__object_t_key_type.output"
    ```

??? example

    The example below shows how object elements can be read using `at()`. It also demonstrates the different exceptions
    that can be thrown.
        
    ```cpp
    --8<-- "examples/at__object_t_key_type_const.cpp"
    ```
    
    Output:
    
    ```json
    --8<-- "examples/at__object_t_key_type_const.output"
    ```

??? example

    The example below shows how object elements can be read and written using `at()`. It also demonstrates the different
    exceptions that can be thrown.
        
    ```cpp
    --8<-- "examples/at_json_pointer.cpp"
    ```
    
    Output:
    
    ```json
    --8<-- "examples/at_json_pointer.output"
    ```

??? example

    The example below shows how object elements can be read using `at()`. It also demonstrates the different exceptions
    that can be thrown.
        
    ```cpp
    --8<-- "examples/at_json_pointer_const.cpp"
    ```
    
    Output:
    
    ```json
    --8<-- "examples/at_json_pointer_const.output"
    ```

## Version history

1. Added in version 1.0.0.
2. Added in version 1.0.0; `KeyT` template added in version 3.10.0.
3. Added in version 2.0.0.
